Invented by the French physician Gaston Plante in 1859, Lead-acid was the first rechargeable battery for commercial use. This type of accumulator is in use today as yet.

ADVANTAGES:

Inexpensive and simple to manufacture. The self-discharge is among the lowest of rechargeable battery systems. Low maintenance requirements - no memory; no electrolyte to fill on sealed version. Capable of high discharge rates. Relatively high capacity Voltage of one cell is 2V

LIMITATIONS:

Low energy density - poor weight-to-energy ratio limits use to stationary and wheeled applications. Cannot be stored in a discharged condition - the cell Voltage should never drop below 2.10V. Large charge duration Allows only a limited number of full discharge cycles - well suited for standby applications that require only occasional deep discharges. Lead content and electrolyte make the battery environmentally unfriendly. Low work capacity at negative temperatures.

Main application - automobiles accumulators. Are used also for all industries - for engine starting of diesel locomotives, for mining electric locomotives, electric cars, forklifts and large uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems.